Biology
Course Overview This comprehensive Biology course is designed specifically for students preparing to pass acceptance exams at medical universities. The course combines a solid foundation in essential biology concepts with intensive practice in exam-style multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Students will not only master theoretical knowledge but also develop the critical test-taking strategies needed to succeed in competitive medical entrance exams. Our approach is both academic and engaging: we break down complex scientific ideas into clear, understandable lessons while keeping the sessions dynamic, interactive, and exam-focused. Who Is This Course For? High school graduates aiming to join medical universities. Current students seeking to strengthen their biology background. Anyone preparing for admission tests in Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, or Allied Health fields. Learning Objectives By the end of this course, students will be able to: Understand and apply the fundamental principles of biology. Differentiate between key biological structures and functions. Solve exam-style MCQs with confidence and accuracy. Connect biological knowledge to medical relevance (e.g., antibiotics, genetics, human physiology). Build time management and exam strategy skills. Teaching Methodology Interactive Lectures: Concept explanations with medical examples. Exam-Oriented Quizzes: Daily MCQs to reinforce learning. Discussion Sessions: Clarifying tricky concepts. Mock Tests: Simulating real exam conditions. Duration: 10–12 weeks
Biology
Medical Latin Language
Medical Latin is one of the cornerstone subjects for first-year medical students in universities across Europe and Russia.This course introduces the fundamental Latin grammar and vocabulary that underpin modern medical terminology.Through structured lessons, students will develop the ability to understand, construct, and accurately pronounce Latin anatomical names, clinical terms, and pharmaceutical expressions.It serves as a vital preparation step for students entering international medical programs where Latin is required or integrated into anatomy, histology, pathology, and pharmacology courses. Course Objectives By the end of this course, students will be able to: Understand the grammatical structure of Latin used in medical terminology. Read, translate, and form anatomical, pathological, and pharmaceutical terms correctly. Recognize the meaning and origin of medical prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Accurately pronounce and write Latin anatomical labels, clinical terms, and prescriptions. Build a strong linguistic foundation that facilitates learning in anatomy, pharmacology, and clinical sciences. Course Structure and Duration Total Duration: 1 semester (typically 90–108 academic hours) Modules: 4 main instructional modules + final assessment Delivery Mode: Online or blended (interactive lectures, exercises, translation practice, and quizzes) Module Breakdown: Foundations of Medical Latin - Latin alphabet, pronunciation, and orthography - Basic grammar (nouns, declensions, adjectives, verbs) - Introduction to medical phrases and grammatical cases Anatomical Terminology. - Body systems, anatomical nouns and adjectives - Genitive case for structure relationships (musculus biceps brachii) - Latin abbreviations and anatomical labeling practice Pharmaceutical and Clinical Terminology - Structure of Latin prescriptions (Rp., Signa, Da.) - Clinical roots, prefixes, and suffixes - Terminology for diseases, symptoms, and procedures Applied and Translational Practice - Translation of short anatomical and clinical texts - Practical exercises and oral pronunciation sessions - Exam review and final assessment Learning Outcomes After completing this course, students will: Demonstrate proficiency in the grammatical and lexical features of medical Latin. Accurately interpret Latin terms used in anatomy atlases, pharmacological formulas, and medical records. Compose and analyze medical prescriptions using correct Latin structure. Recognize etymological connections between Latin and modern medical vocabulary in English and other languages. Be prepared to study medicine confidently in international universities (especially Russian and European medical programs). Who Should Enroll Students preparing to enter medical universities abroad (Russia, Europe, or any English-taught medical program). First-year medical students seeking to strengthen their foundation in medical terminology. Anyone pursuing healthcare or biomedical sciences who wishes to understand the linguistic roots of medical terms. Assessment & Certification Continuous assessment (quizzes, assignments, oral and written exercises) Final exam (written + oral) based on official European and Russian medical curriculum standards Certificate of Completion awarded upon successful performance Why This Course Matters Medical Latin is not just a language — it is the universal foundation of medical science.From anatomical names to clinical terminology, Latin provides the structure behind every medical term you’ll encounter throughout your medical education and professional career.This course ensures you start your medical journey with clarity, precision, and a professional understanding of the language that shaped modern medicine.
Medical Latin Language
Endocrinology
This course offers a comprehensive understanding of endocrine physiology, hormonal regulation, and the diagnosis and management of disorders affecting endocrine glands. It integrates basic science, clinical medicine, and diagnostic endocrinology, emphasizing the correlation between hormonal imbalances and systemic manifestations. Students will gain exposure to the full range of endocrine conditions, including pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, and gonadal diseases, as well as metabolic and nutritional disorders. The course combines bedside clinical teaching, case discussions, and laboratory interpretation, preparing students to recognize and manage both chronic endocrine diseases and acute endocrine emergencies. Practical experience will focus on clinical examination of endocrine systems, interpretation of hormonal assays, and management strategies for diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal dysfunction, and metabolic syndromes. Course Objectives: By the end of the course, students should be able to: Describe the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of endocrine glands. Perform a systematic endocrine examination and obtain a detailed hormonal history. Interpret laboratory and imaging investigations related to hormonal and metabolic disorders. Diagnose and manage endocrine disorders including thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, pancreatic, and gonadal diseases. Identify and treat endocrine emergencies such as thyroid storm, myxedema coma, adrenal crisis, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Understand and apply preventive strategies for metabolic and endocrine diseases. Demonstrate ethical and professional communication with patients and multidisciplinary teams. Course Content (Modules Overview): 1. Introduction to Endocrinology Overview of endocrine glands and hormones. Mechanisms of hormone action and feedback control. Clinical approach to endocrine symptoms (fatigue, polyuria, weight changes). 2. Pituitary and Hypothalamic Disorders Hypopituitarism, hyperpituitarism, acromegaly, prolactinoma. Diabetes insipidus, SIADH. Pituitary imaging and dynamic endocrine testing. Management: medical, surgical, radiotherapy. 3. Thyroid Disorders Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease, toxic nodular goiter). Hypothyroidism (primary, secondary, subclinical). Thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroid disease. Goiters, thyroid nodules, and malignancy. Diagnostic workup: TSH, T3, T4, ultrasound, FNA. Treatment: antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery. 4. Parathyroid and Calcium Disorders Hyperparathyroidism (primary, secondary, tertiary). Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, rickets, osteomalacia. Calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism. Management: calcium/vitamin D replacement, bisphosphonates. 5. Adrenal Gland Disorders Cushing’s syndrome and hypercortisolism. Addison’s disease and adrenal insufficiency. Hyperaldosteronism and pheochromocytoma. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Diagnostic testing: dexamethasone suppression, ACTH stimulation. Management: hormonal replacement, surgery, medical therapy. 6. Pancreatic Endocrine Disorders Diabetes mellitus (Type 1, Type 2, gestational). Hypoglycemia and insulinoma. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Diabetic complications (nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy). Management: diet, oral agents, insulin, emergency care. 7. Reproductive Endocrinology Disorders of puberty (precocious, delayed). Hypogonadism, infertility, menstrual irregularities. PCOS and hyperprolactinemia. Hormone replacement therapy and reproductive endocrinology. 8. Metabolic & Nutritional Disorders Obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome. Gout and hyperuricemia. Nutritional deficiencies related to endocrine dysfunctions. 9. Endocrine Emergencies Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar states. Thyroid storm and myxedema coma. Adrenal crisis. Pheochromocytoma crisis. Acute hypoglycemia and electrolyte imbalances. 10. Preventive and Community Endocrinology Screening for diabetes and thyroid disease. Lifestyle and diet modification programs. Endocrine aspects of aging and public health strategies. Clinical Rotations & Practical Training: Duration: 4–6 weeks in endocrinology and diabetes units. Clinical Activities Include: Bedside evaluation of endocrine patients. Case-based discussions and presentations. Interpretation of hormonal…
Endocrinology
Otorhinolaryngology
The Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) course provides an in-depth understanding of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and management of ear, nose, throat, head, and neck disorders. It aims to train medical students to identify and treat common ENT diseases, recognize emergencies, and understand their systemic relationships. The course combines theoretical lectures, clinical sessions, outpatient exposure, and surgical demonstrations, enabling students to develop both diagnostic reasoning and practical clinical skills. It serves as a bridge between the preclinical sciences (anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology) and clinical practice. Course Structure The course is divided into two semesters, covering the following areas: Semester 1 – General Principles and Otology This semester introduces students to the basic principles of ENT, including clinical examination techniques, instruments, and patient evaluation.Students study the anatomy and physiology of the ear and learn to identify and manage diseases affecting hearing and balance. Key topics include: Anatomy and physiology of the external, middle, and inner ear Ear examination and audiological assessment Acute and chronic otitis media, otosclerosis, and vestibular disorders Noise-induced hearing loss, Meniere’s disease, and ototoxicity Principles of hearing rehabilitation and cochlear implantation Practical training includes otoscopy, tuning fork tests, and interpretation of audiometry. Semester 2 – Rhinology, Laryngology, and Head & Neck Surgery This semester focuses on diseases of the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and neck.Students learn the clinical features, investigations, and management of upper airway and head–neck conditions, emphasizing early detection of malignant and life-threatening disorders. Main areas include: Anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyps, and nasal obstruction Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and adenoid hypertrophy Laryngitis, vocal cord lesions, laryngeal carcinoma, and airway obstruction Thyroid and salivary gland disorders Neck masses and congenital cysts ENT emergencies: epistaxis, airway obstruction, foreign bodies Clinical exposure includes ENT clinics, operating theater participation, and emergency management drills. Clinical and Practical Components Students attend hospital-based teaching sessions, including: Outpatient department (OPD) postings Ward rounds and case discussions Observation of surgeries such as tonsillectomy, septoplasty, tracheostomy, and FESS Demonstrations of diagnostic tools (nasal endoscopy, indirect laryngoscopy, audiometry) Interpretation of radiological and endoscopic findings Practical sessions emphasize history taking, ENT examination techniques, and formulation of differential diagnoses. Learning Outcomes By the end of the course, students will be able to: Describe normal and pathological anatomy and physiology of ENT organs. Perform complete ENT examinations and interpret findings accurately. Diagnose and manage common ENT conditions in outpatient and emergency settings. Recognize ENT manifestations of systemic diseases. Manage ENT emergencies promptly and effectively. Demonstrate understanding of surgical principles and postoperative care. Communicate effectively with patients and healthcare teams while maintaining ethical standards. Course Integration This course complements Ophthalmology, Internal Medicine, and General Surgery, forming a crucial part of the clinical training phase. It provides foundational knowledge for further specialization in ENT, head and neck surgery, audiology, and otoneurology.
Otorhinolaryngology
Psychiatry
The Psychiatry course introduces medical students to the fundamental principles, core clinical skills, and essential knowledge required to understand and manage mental health conditions in clinical practice. This module bridges scientific foundations with real-world patient care, ensuring students gain the ability to recognize psychiatric presentations across all medical specialties. The course begins with an overview of mental health, classification systems (DSM-5 and ICD-11), and the structure of psychiatric assessment. Students learn how to perform a complete psychiatric history and Mental Status Examination (MSE), identify abnormal thought processes, assess cognition, and evaluate risk for suicide, violence, and self-harm. Emphasis is placed on developing clear communication skills, building rapport, and interviewing patients with complex or sensitive presentations. The module provides structured learning around major psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders, depressive and bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive and related disorders, trauma-related conditions, personality disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, substance-use disorders, and neurocognitive disorders. For each category, students learn core diagnostic features, red flags, differential diagnoses, and basic management approaches. A key component of the course is the introduction to psychopharmacology. Students gain foundational understanding of the mechanisms, indications, and common side effects of antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, and stimulants. Principles of psychotherapy—including cognitive-behavioral techniques, supportive therapy, and motivational interviewing—are also covered to help students appreciate the multidisciplinary nature of psychiatric treatment. Clinical exposure is an essential part of the training. Students rotate through outpatient clinics, inpatient psychiatric wards, liaison psychiatry units, and emergency services. Under supervision, they participate in patient interviews, case formulation, treatment planning, and multidisciplinary team discussions. Through these experiences, students learn to recognize psychiatric emergencies, manage acute behavioral disturbances, and understand indications for referral or admission. The course also highlights the interplay between mental and physical health. Students are trained to identify psychiatric symptoms in medical and surgical patients, manage delirium, and understand the psychological impact of chronic illnesses. Ethical considerations—such as confidentiality, informed consent, and capacity assessment—are integrated throughout the curriculum. By the end of the module, students are expected to demonstrate competence in conducting psychiatric assessments, recognizing common mental disorders, initiating first-line management strategies, and collaborating effectively with mental health professionals.
Psychiatry
Physiology
The Human Physiology course provides an in-depth study of the normal functions of the human body’s organ systems and the mechanisms regulating them. The course emphasizes the integration of physiological processes that maintain homeostasis and explores how various systems interact to sustain life. Students will gain a strong foundation for understanding pathological conditions and clinical medicine. The course is divided into two semesters and includes both theoretical lectures and practical laboratory sessions that demonstrate physiological principles through experiments, simulations, and clinical case discussions. Learning Objectives By the end of the course, students should be able to: Explain the physiological principles underlying the functions of major organ systems. Describe the mechanisms of cellular communication, membrane potentials, and muscle physiology. Understand blood composition and hemodynamics, including cardiac function and regulation. Analyze the control of respiration, renal function, digestion, and endocrine activity. Integrate knowledge of neurophysiology and sensory mechanisms. Relate physiological principles to clinical and pathological conditions. Course Outline (Detailed Syllabus) 1. Introduction to Physiology Definition, scope, and levels of organization Homeostasis and control systems Body fluids and their regulation 2. Cell Physiology Structure and function of the cell membrane Transport mechanisms (diffusion, osmosis, active transport) Resting membrane potential and action potential 3. Blood Physiology Composition and functions of blood Erythropoiesis, hemoglobin, and anemia White blood cells, immunity, and hemostasis Blood groups and transfusion principles 4. Nerve and Muscle Physiology Structure and function of neurons Synaptic transmission and neurotransmitters Types of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) and excitation-contraction coupling 5. Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions Neurotransmitters and physiological effects 6. Cardiovascular Physiology Structure and properties of the heart Cardiac cycle and cardiac output Blood pressure and its regulation Microcirculation and lymphatic system 7. Respiratory Physiology Mechanics of breathing Gas exchange and transport Regulation of respiration Pulmonary function tests 8. Renal Physiology Structure and function of the nephron Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion Regulation of body fluids and electrolytes Acid-base balance 9. Gastrointestinal Physiology Organization of the GI tract Digestive secretions and motility Absorption and control of digestion 10. Endocrine Physiology Hormone classification and mechanisms of action Regulation of metabolism, growth, and reproduction Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, and gonadal hormones 11. Reproductive Physiology Male and female reproductive systems Menstrual cycle and hormonal regulation Fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation 12. Neurophysiology and Special Senses Functional organization of the nervous system Reflexes and higher brain functions Vision, hearing, taste, and smell physiology Teaching and Learning Methods Theoretical lectures with audiovisual aids Practical experiments in physiology lab Small group discussions and problem-based learning Clinical case studies linking physiology with pathology Assessment Methods Midterm and final written exams (MCQs, short and long essays) Practical examinations Continuous assessments (quizzes, assignments, participation) Course Duration: Full academic year (two semesters) Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of biology, chemistry, and histology
Physiology
Ophthalmology
The Ophthalmology course provides a comprehensive study of the eye, its adnexa, visual pathways, and related structures of the head and neck, focusing on both common and sight-threatening disorders. The course is designed to equip medical students with the theoretical knowledge and clinical skills necessary to assess, diagnose, and manage ophthalmic conditions effectively. The course integrates anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine, emphasizing practical patient care, diagnostic procedures, and surgical principles. Through lectures, clinical rotations, case discussions, and hands-on training, students develop the ability to perform thorough ocular examinations, interpret investigations, and manage both routine and emergency ophthalmic cases. Course Structure Semester 1 – General Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders Introduction to Ophthalmology: Scope, importance, and basic eye examination techniques. Anatomy & Physiology: External and internal structures, visual pathways, extraocular muscles, tear production, and optics. Ocular Pharmacology & Diagnostics: Topical/systemic drugs, slit-lamp examination, tonometry, perimetry, OCT, and fluorescein angiography. External Eye Disorders: Eyelid and conjunctival diseases, corneal infections, abrasions, dystrophies, and scleral/episcleral disorders. Vision Assessment: Visual acuity testing, refraction, color vision, and stereopsis. Semester 2 – Advanced and Clinical Ophthalmology Anterior Segment Disorders: Cornea, iris, anterior chamber, and uveitis. Glaucoma: Pathophysiology, clinical features, and management (medical and surgical). Cataract: Types, clinical diagnosis, surgical treatment, and post-operative care. Retinal and Vitreous Disorders: Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, vascular occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, and vitreoretinal surgery basics. Neuro-ophthalmology: Optic neuropathies, visual field defects, pupillary abnormalities, ocular manifestations of systemic/neurological diseases. Pediatric Ophthalmology: Amblyopia, strabismus, congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, and screening protocols. Ocular Trauma & Emergencies: Chemical injuries, globe rupture, hyphema, acute angle-closure glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, and foreign bodies. Ophthalmic Surgery Observations: Cataract procedures, glaucoma surgeries, minor outpatient procedures, and surgical safety principles. Clinical & Practical Components Outpatient department (OPD) rotations and bedside teaching Slit-lamp, fundus, and visual field assessments Interpretation of diagnostic imaging Minor procedures: foreign body removal, eyelid surgery Surgical observations in operating theaters Clinical case discussions and problem-based learning Learning Outcomes By the end of this course, students will be able to: Perform a comprehensive ocular examination. Diagnose and manage common ophthalmic disorders. Recognize ophthalmic emergencies and provide first-line management. Interpret ophthalmic investigations including imaging and laboratory tests. Understand medical and surgical treatment principles for ocular diseases. Identify systemic diseases presenting with ocular manifestations. Apply preventive eye care and community screening strategies. Communicate effectively with patients and the healthcare team in ophthalmic settings. Integration and Relevance This course is integrated with internal medicine, pediatrics, neurology, ENT, and surgery, providing essential knowledge and clinical skills for primary care, emergency medicine, and ophthalmology specialization. It emphasizes early detection of sight-threatening conditions and prepares students for both clinical rotations and future postgraduate training.
Ophthalmology
Nephrology
The Urology & Nephrology MCQs section is a comprehensive, exam-oriented learning resource designed for medical students and graduates preparing for academic assessments and international medical licensing examinations. This module integrates core concepts from renal physiology, glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic kidney disease, electrolyte and acid–base disturbances, urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, and systemic diseases affecting the kidneys, alongside essential urological topics such as lower urinary tract symptoms, prostate disorders, urological malignancies, and surgical principles. All questions are carefully structured to simulate real examination scenarios, reflecting the style, depth, and clinical reasoning required in medical school exams as well as global equivalency and licensing exams such as USMLE, PLAB, IFOM, and other international assessments. The MCQs emphasize high-yield facts, diagnostic reasoning, and management pathways, encouraging learners to move beyond memorization toward applied clinical understanding. Each question is aligned with internationally recognized medical curricula and focuses on commonly tested presentations, investigations, and treatment strategies encountered in clinical practice. Detailed explanations accompany every question, clarifying why the correct option is accurate while addressing common misconceptions related to the incorrect choices. This Urology & Nephrology MCQs module serves as an essential tool for systematic revision, self-assessment, and exam readiness, supporting learners at different stages of their medical journey—from undergraduate training to postgraduate and international exam preparation.
Nephrology
Geriatrics
The Geriatrics course is designed for clinical phase medical students (4th–5th year) to provide a comprehensive understanding of aging physiology, geriatric syndromes, chronic diseases, functional decline, and geriatric emergencies. The course emphasizes a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to elderly care, integrating clinical, cognitive, functional, psychological, and social assessments to ensure optimal patient management. Students will gain knowledge and skills to evaluate, diagnose, and manage elderly patients with common and complex medical conditions, including cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, renal, neurological, musculoskeletal, and infectious diseases. Special focus is given to frailty, falls, delirium, polypharmacy, and palliative care. Practical and Clinical Training: The course incorporates hands-on and clinical training in: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) covering physical, cognitive, functional, nutritional, and psychosocial domains Medication review and polypharmacy management Functional evaluation and fall risk assessment Cognitive screening tools (MMSE, MoCA) and delirium assessment Multidisciplinary care planning with physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nutritionists, and social workers Bedside evaluation of elderly patients in inpatient, outpatient, and community geriatrics settings Exposure to geriatric emergencies such as acute confusion, falls with injury, stroke, heart failure, and sepsis Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to: Understand the physiological and functional changes associated with aging. Recognize, assess, and manage common geriatric syndromes, including frailty, falls, delirium, dementia, incontinence, and sensory impairments. Conduct comprehensive geriatric assessments and integrate findings into individualized care plans. Diagnose and manage chronic diseases and acute medical emergencies in elderly patients. Apply principles of polypharmacy management, preventive medicine, and palliative care. Collaborate effectively with multidisciplinary teams for optimal elderly care. Communicate effectively with elderly patients and their families regarding prognosis, treatment, and preventive strategies. Key Topics Covered: Aging physiology and pathophysiology Geriatric syndromes: frailty, falls, delirium, dementia, incontinence, sensory impairments, sleep disorders, malnutrition Chronic diseases in the elderly: cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, renal, neurological, musculoskeletal, infectious diseases Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) Geriatric emergencies: stroke, acute confusion, falls, sepsis, acute exacerbations of chronic diseases Functional evaluation, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary care planning Ethical, legal, and social aspects of elderly care Recommended References: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine – Geriatrics Section Oxford Handbook of Geriatric Medicine Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine – Fillit et al. Clinical Geriatrics – Gurwitz et al. UpToDate articles on geriatric syndromes, chronic disease management, and geriatric emergencies
Geriatrics
Obstetrics & Gynecology
The Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) course provides a comprehensive study of female reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth, and gynecologic disorders. The course integrates theoretical knowledge from anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and microbiology with practical skills in antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, and gynecologic care, enabling students to manage both routine and emergency conditions effectively. Students are trained to assess maternal and fetal well-being, reproductive health, and gynecologic disorders, while developing expertise in high-risk pregnancy management, labor and delivery, gynecologic surgery, family planning, and preventive care. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based practice, patient counseling, ethical considerations, and professional communication with women and families. The course combines lectures, clinical rotations, case discussions, hands-on procedures, labor room exposure, and operative observations, providing a solid foundation for hospital-based and community obstetric and gynecologic care. Course Structure Obstetrics Introduction to obstetrics: scope, anatomy, physiology, and maternal history taking Normal pregnancy: physiological changes, fetal monitoring, antenatal care Pregnancy complications: hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, multiple pregnancy, fetal growth restriction Labor and delivery: stages of labor, maternal and fetal monitoring, normal and instrumental deliveries, cesarean section Postpartum care: physiological changes, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infections, breastfeeding support Maternal-fetal medicine: high-risk pregnancy, obstetric emergencies, fetal surveillance Gynecology Gynecologic history taking and examination Menstrual disorders: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia Reproductive endocrinology: infertility, PCOS, contraception Gynecologic infections: STIs, vaginal infections, pelvic inflammatory disease Gynecologic oncology: cervical, ovarian, endometrial cancers; breast disorders; early detection Benign gynecologic disorders: fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, prolapse, menopause Gynecologic surgery: minor and major procedures, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, hysterectomy Emergency OB/GYN: ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, acute pelvic pain, obstetric trauma, hemorrhage Practical & Clinical Rotations Outpatient department (OPD) and ward rounds Antenatal clinics and labor room exposure Gynecology clinics and minor procedures Case-based learning, presentations, and simulations Observation of operative procedures and deliveries Learning Outcomes By the end of the course, students will be able to: Monitor maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and delivery. Manage normal and high-risk pregnancies, labor, and postpartum care. Diagnose and treat common gynecologic disorders and infections. Provide counseling on family planning, contraception, and reproductive health. Recognize and manage obstetric and gynecologic emergencies. Interpret laboratory and imaging studies relevant to OB/GYN. Perform basic clinical procedures in obstetrics and gynecology. Communicate effectively and ethically with women and families regarding reproductive health. Integration and Relevance The course integrates with neonatology, pediatrics, endocrinology, surgery, emergency medicine, and community health, preparing students for clinical practice, maternal and child healthcare, preventive medicine, and postgraduate training in OB/GYN or related specialties.
Obstetrics & Gynecology
